Latest syllabus of NEET UG Released By NMC

The field of medicine has always been at the forefront of innovation and development. As future healthcare professionals, aspiring medical students in India undergo rigorous training and evaluation before they can embark on their journey to serve humanity. One of the most significant milestones for medical aspirants in the country is the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) UG. It is a highly competitive examination that serves as the gateway to some of the most prestigious medical colleges in India.

To maintain the integrity of the NEET UG examination and ensure that it is in line with the latest developments in the field of medicine, the National Medical Commission (NMC) periodically updates the syllabus. The most recent updates have brought some significant changes that aspiring doctors should be aware of. In this blog post, we will dissect the latest NEET UG syllabus released by NMC.

PHYSICS

UNIT 1: PHYSICS AND MEASUREMENT

• Units of measurements
• System of Units
• SI Units
• Fundamental and derived units
• Least count
• Significant figures
• Errors in measurements
• Dimensions of physics quantities
• Dimensional analysis and its applications

UNIT 2: KINEMATICS

• The frame of reference
• Motion in a straight line
• Position-time graph
• Speed and velocity
• Uniform and non-uniform motion
• Average speed and instantaneous velocity
• Uniformly accelerated motion
• Velocity-time, position-time graph
• Relations for uniformly accelerated motion
• Scalars and Vectors
• Vector addition and subtraction
• Scalar and vector products
• Unit vector
• Resolution of a vector
• Relative velocity
• Motion in a plane
• Projectile motion
• Uniform circular motion

UNIT 3: LAWS OF MOTION

• Force and inertia
• Newton’s First law of motion
• Momentum
• Newton’s Second Law of motion
• Impulses
• Newton’s Third Law of motion
• Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications
• Equilibrium of concurrent forces
• Static and Kinetic friction
• Laws of friction
• Rolling friction
• Dynamics of uniform circular motion
• Centripetal force and its applications
• Vehicle on a level circular road
• Vehicle on a banked road

UNIT 4: WORK, ENERGY, AND POWER

• Work done by a constant force and a variable force
• Kinetic and potential energies
• Work-energy theorem
• Power
• The potential energy of spring
• Conservation of mechanical energy
• Conservative and non-conservative forces
• Motion in a vertical circle
• Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions

UNIT 5: ROTATIONAL MOTION

• Center of the mass of a two-particle system
• Center of the mass of a rigid body
• Basic concepts of rotational motion
• Moment of a force
• Torque
• Angular momentum
• Conservation of angular momentum and its applications
• The moment of inertia
• Radius of gyration
• Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects
• Parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications
• Equilibrium of rigid bodies
• Rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion
• Comparison of linear and rotational motions

UNIT 6: GRAVITATION

• The universal law of gravitation
• Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth
• Kepler’s law of planetary motion
• Gravitational potential energy
• Gravitational potential
• Escape velocity
• Motion of a satellite
• Orbital velocity
• Time period and energy of satellite

UNIT 7: PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS

• Elastic behavior
• Stress-strain relationship
• Hooke’s Law
• Young’s modulus
• Bulk modulus
• Modulus of rigidity
• Pressure due to a fluid column
• Pascal’s law and its applications
• Effect of gravity on fluid pressure
• Viscosity
• Stokes’ law
• Terminal velocity
• Streamline and turbulent flow
• Critical velocity
• Bernoulli’s principle and its applications
• Surface energy and surface tension
• Angle of contact
• Excess of pressure across a curved surface
• Application of surface tension (drops, bubbles, and capillary rise)

UNIT 8: THERMODYNAMICS

• Thermal equilibrium
• Zeroth law of thermodynamics
• The concept of temperature
• Heat, work, and internal energy
• The first law of thermodynamics
• Isothermal and adiabatic processes
• The second law of thermodynamics (reversible and irreversible processes)

UNIT 9: KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

• Equation of state of a perfect gas
• Work done on compressing a gas
• Kinetic theory of gases
• Assumptions
• The concept of pressure
• Kinetic interpretation of temperature
• RMS speed of gas molecules
• Degrees of freedom
• Law of equipartition of energy and applications to specific heat capacities of gases
• Mean free path
• Avogadro’s number

UNIT 10: OSCILLATIONS AND WAVES

• Oscillations and periodic motion
• Time period
• Frequency
• Displacement as a function of time
• Periodic functions
• Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation
• Phase
• Oscillations of a spring
• Restoring force and force constant
• Energy in S.H.M.
• Kinetic and potential energies
• Simple pendulum
• Derivation of expression for its time period
• Wave motion
• Longitudinal and transverse waves
• Speed of a traveling wave
• Displacement relation for a progressive wave
• Principle of superposition of waves
• Reflection of waves
• Standing waves in strings and organ pipes
• Fundamental mode and harmonics
• Beats

UNIT 11: ELECTROSTATICS

• Electric charges
• Conservation of charge
• Coulomb’s law forces between two point charges
• Forces between multiple charges
• Superposition principle and continuous charge distribution
• Electric field
• Electric field due to a point charge
• Electric field lines
• Electric dipole
• Electric field due to a dipole
• Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field
• Electric flux
• Gauss’s law and its applications
• Finding field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, and uniformly charged thin spherical shell
• Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole, and system of charges
• Potential difference
• Equipotential surfaces
• Electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of an electric dipole in an electrostatic field
• Conductors and insulators
• Dielectrics and electric polarization
• Capacitors and capacitances
• Combination of capacitors in series and parallel
• Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without a dielectric medium between the plates
• Energy stored in a capacitor

UNIT 12: CURRENT ELECTRICITY

• Electric current
• Drift velocity
• Mobility and their relation with electric current
• Ohm’s law
• Electrical resistance
• V-I characteristics of Ohmic and non-ohmic conductors
• Electrical energy and power
• Electrical resistivity and conductivity
• Series and parallel combinations of resistors
• Temperature dependence of resistance
• Internal resistance
• Potential difference
• Emf of a cell
• A combination of cells in series and parallel
• Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications
• Wheatstone bridge
• Metre Bridge

UNIT 13: MAGNETIC EFFECTS OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM

• Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying a circular loop
• Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid
• Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field
• The force between two parallel currents carrying conductors (definition of ampere)
• Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field
• Moving coil galvanometer
• Its sensitivity
• Conversion to ammeter and voltmeter
• Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment
• Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid
• Magnetic field lines
• Magnetic field due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis
• Torque on a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field
• Para-, dia-, and ferromagnetic substances with examples
• Effect of temperature on magnetic properties

UNIT 14: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENTS

• Electromagnetic induction
• Faraday’s law
• Induced emf and current
• Lenz’s Law
• Eddy currents
• Self and mutual inductance
• Alternating currents
• Peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage
• Reactance and impedance
• LCR series circuit
• Resonance
• Power in AC circuits
• Wattless current
• AC generator and transformer

UNIT 15: ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

• Displacement current
• Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics
• Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves
• Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays)
• Applications of electromagnetic waves

UNIT 16: OPTICS

• Reflection of light
• Spherical mirrors
• Mirror formula
• Refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces
• Thin lens formula
• Lens maker formula
• Total internal reflection and its applications
• Magnification
• Power of a Lens
• Combination of thin lenses in contact
• Refraction of light through a prism
• Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers
• Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens’ principle
• Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle
• Interference
• Young’s double-slit experiment and expression for fringe width
• Coherent sources
• Sustained interference of light
• Diffraction due to a single slit
• Width of the central maximum
• Polarization
• Plane-polarized light
• Brewster’s law
• Uses of plane-polarized light
• Polaroid

UNIT 17: DUAL NATURE OF MATTER AND RADIATION

• Dual nature of radiation
• Photoelectric effect
• Hertz and Lenard’s observations
• Einstein’s photoelectric equation
• Particle nature of light
• Matter waves
• Wave nature of particles
• De Broglie relation

UNIT 18: ATOMS AND NUCLEI

• Alpha-particle scattering experiment
• Rutherford’s model of the atom
• Bohr model
• Energy levels
• Hydrogen spectrum
• Composition and size of the nucleus
• Atomic masses
• Mass-energy relation
• Mass defect
• Binding energy per nucleon
• Variation with mass number
• Nuclear fission and fusion

UNIT 19: ELECTRONIC DEVICES

• Semiconductors
• Semiconductor diode
• I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias
• Diode as a rectifier
• I-V characteristics of LED
• Photodiode
• Solar cell
• Zener diode
• Zener diode as a voltage regulator
• Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR)

UNIT 20: EXPERIMENTAL SKILLS

• Familiarity with the basic approach and observations of the experiments and activities:

1. Vernier calipers — its use to measure the internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel.
2. Screw gauge — its use to determine the thickness/diameter of a thin sheet/wire.
3. Simple pendulum — dissipation of energy by plotting a graph between the square of amplitude and time.
4. Metre Scale — the mass of a given object by the principle of moments.
5. Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire.
6. Surface tension of water by capillary rise and the effect of detergents.
7. Coefficient of Viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring the terminal velocity of a given spherical body.
8. Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube.
9. Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by the method of mixtures.
10. The resistivity of the material of a given wire using a meter bridge.
11. The resistance of a given wire using Ohm’s law.
12. Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method.
13. The focal length of

• Convex mirror
• Concave mirror
• Convex lens using the parallax method.

1. The plot of the angle of deviation vs. angle of incidence for a triangular prism.
2. Refractive index of a glass slab using a traveling microscope.
3. Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.
4. Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse breakdown voltage.
5. Identification of Diode, LED, Resistor, and Capacitor from a mixed collection of such items.

CHEMISTRY

UNIT I: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS IN CHEMISTRY

• Matter and its nature
• Dalton’s atomic theory
• Concept of atom, molecule, element, and compound
• Laws of chemical combination
• Atomic and molecular masses
• Mole concept
• Molar mass
• Percentage composition
• Empirical and molecular formulae
• Chemical equations
• Stoichiometry

UNIT 2: ATOMIC STRUCTURE

• Nature of electromagnetic radiation
• Photoelectric effect
• Spectrum of the hydrogen atom
• Bohr model of a hydrogen atom
• Dual nature of matter
• De Broglie’s relationship
• Heisenberg uncertainty principle
• Quantum mechanics
• Quantum mechanical model of the atom
• Atomic orbitals
• Quantum numbers
• Aufbau principle
• Pauli’s exclusion principle
• Hund’s rule
• Electronic configuration of elements

UNIT 3: CHEMICAL BONDING AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

• Kossel-Lewis approach
• Ionic bonding
• Covalent bonding
• Electronegativity
• Fajan’s rule
• Dipole moment
• Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory
• Quantum mechanical approach
• Valence bond theory
• Resonance
• Molecular Orbital Theory
• Metallic bonding
• Hydrogen bonding

UNIT 4: CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

• Fundamentals of thermodynamics
• First law of thermodynamics
• Heat capacity
• Hess’s law
• Enthalpies of various processes
• Second law of thermodynamics
• Entropy
• Gibbs energy
• Standard Gibbs energy change

UNIT 5: SOLUTIONS

• Methods for expressing concentration
• Vapour pressure of solutions
• Raoult’s Law
• Ideal and non-ideal solutions
• Colligative properties
• Osmotic pressure
• Determination of molecular mass
• Van’t Hoff factor

UNIT 6: EQUILIBRIUM

• Equilibria involving physical processes
• Equilibria involving chemical processes
• Ionic equilibrium
• Common ion effect
• Solubility products
• Buffer solutions

UNIT 7: REDOX REACTIONS AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY

• Electronic concepts of oxidation and reduction
• Electrolytic and metallic conduction
• Electrochemical cells
• Nernst equation
• Redox reactions
• Galvanic cells
• Electrode potentials
• Fuel cells

UNIT 8: CHEMICAL KINETICS

• Rate of chemical reactions
• Factors affecting reaction rate
• Order and molecularity of reactions
• Rate law
• Arrhenius theory
• Activation energy
• Collision theory

UNIT 9: CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES

• Modern periodic law
• Periodic trends
• Atomic and ionic radii
• Ionization enthalpy
• Electron gain enthalpy
• Valence and oxidation states

UNIT 10: P-BLOCK ELEMENTS (GROUP 13 TO GROUP 18)

• General trends in properties
• Unique behavior of the first element in each group

UNIT 11: D- AND F-BLOCK ELEMENTS

• Transition elements
• Lanthanoids
• Actinoids

UNIT 12: COORDINATION COMPOUNDS

• Werner’s theory
• Ligands and coordination numbers
• Nomenclature
• Valence bond theory
• Crystal field theory
• Isomerism

UNIT 13: PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

• Purification methods
• Qualitative analysis

UNIT 14: SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

• Tetravalency of carbon
• Isomerism
• Nomenclature
• Covalent bond fission
• Electrophiles and nucleophiles

UNIT 15: HYDROCARBONS

• Classification of hydrocarbons
• Alkanes
• Alkenes
• Alkynes
• Aromatic hydrocarbons
• Electrophilic substitution

UNIT 16: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HALOGENS

• Properties and reactions
• Nature of C-X bond
• Mechanisms of substitution reactions

UNIT 17: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN

• Alcohols
• Phenols
• Ethers
• Aldehydes and ketones
• Carboxylic acids

UNIT 18: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN

• Amines
• Diazonium salts

UNIT 19: BIOMOLECULES

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Vitamins
• Nucleic acids
• Hormones

UNIT 20: PRINCIPLES RELATED TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY

• Detection of extra elements in organic compounds
• Detection of functional groups
• Principles involved in preparation and titrimetric exercises
• Salt analysis principles and qualitative analysis experiments

Biology

UNIT 1: Diversity in Living World

• What is living?
• Biodiversity: Need for classification
• Taxonomy & Systematics
• Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy
• Binomial nomenclature
• Five kingdom classification
• Classification of Monera, Protista, Fungi
• Classification of plants: Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms
• Classification of animals: Nonchordate up to phyla, Chordate up to classes

UNIT 2: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

• Morphology and modifications
• Tissues
• Anatomy and functions of parts of flowering plants
• Animal tissues
• Systems in insects (brief account)

UNIT 3: Cell Structure and Function

• Cell theory
• Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
• Cell envelope, organelles, cytoskeleton
• Chemical constituents of cells
• Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis

UNIT 4: Plant Physiology

• Photosynthesis
• Respiration
• Plant growth and development

UNIT 5: Human Physiology

• Breathing and Respiration
• Body fluids and circulation
• Excretory products and their elimination
• Locomotion and Movement
• Neural control and coordination
• Chemical coordination and regulation

UNIT 6: Reproduction

• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
• Human reproduction
• Reproductive health
• Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies

UNIT 7: Genetics and Evolution

• Heredity and variation
• Mendelian inheritance
• Deviations from Mendelism
• Molecular basis of inheritance
• Evolution
• Mechanisms of evolution
• Human evolution

UNIT 8: Biology and Human Welfare

• Health and Disease
• Microbes in human welfare

UNIT 9: Biotechnology and Its Applications

• Principles and process of Biotechnology
• Genetic engineering
• Applications of Biotechnology in health and agriculture

UNIT 10: Ecology and Environment

• Organisms and environment
• Population interactions
• Population attributes
• Ecosystem
• Energy flow
• Biodiversity and its conservation